Medications that Can Cause Alopecia / Hair Loss

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Medications-that-Can-Cause-Alop...

By Yolanda Smith, B.Pharm

Alopecia, also commonly known as hair loss, can sometimes occur as a result of taking some medications. The effects typically become evident within several says or weeks of initiating or increasing the dose of a medication.

The risk of drug-induced alopecia depends both on the type of medications taken and the individual response to it. Some drugs are strongly linked to causing alopecia and result in hair loss for most patients who take the drug, while other drugs may cause hair loss in some patients but not others.

Signs and Symptoms of Drug-Induced Alopecia

The hair loss that occurs as a result of medication use can affect all hair growing on the body. The scalp is the most commonly affected area, although patients commonly report the loss of hair from their eyebrows and eyelashes, particularly for those who are being treated with chemotherapy.

The effects typically begin several weeks after the initiation of the therapy that causes hair loss. Research on women who have chemotherapy to treat breast cancer has found that alopecia could begin as early as two weeks after the first treatment for some women. On average, hair loss began 4-5 weeks after treatment initiation.

Types of Drug-Induced Alopecia

There are two main types of drug-induced hair loss:

•Anagen effluvium: the loss of actively growing hair, which usually occurs due to chemotherapy medications or overdose of arsenic, bismuth, thallium, boric acid, gold or colchicine
•Telogen effluvium: loss of resting or bulb hair, which is more common and can occur due to many different medications

Anagen effluvium typically occurs more quickly after the initiation of the medication, whereas telogen effluvium can take several months for the effects to become evident.

Medications

There are many medications that can cause hair loss in some individuals, without causing any problems in most other people.

Anticoagulant medications such as heparin and warfarin have rare side effects of causing hair loss.

Additionally, anti-hypertensive medications such as beta-blocker drugs (e.g. atenolol, metoprolol) and ACE inhibitors (e.g. perindopril, lisinopril) may also occasionally lead to hair loss in some patients.

Medications that alter the levels of hormones in the body may also be linked to hair loss in some patients. This includes the oral contraceptive pill, hormone replacement therapy and androgen therapy.

There are also some anticonvulsant medications, such as valproic acid, carbamazepine and phenytoin, and antidepressant drugs such as lithium that may be linked alopecia.

Other drugs that can sometimes cause hair loss include:

• Cimetidine (Tagamet)
• Retinoids (e.g. acitretin)
• Antithyroid drugs
• Amphetamines
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs) see below ***
• Bromocriptine
• Levodopa
• Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline)

*** NSAIDS
• aspirin
• celecoxib (Celebrex)
• diclofenac (Cambia, Cataflam, Voltaren-XR, Zipsor, Zorvolex)
• diflunisal (Dolobid - discontinued brand)
• etodolac (Lodine - discontinued brand)
• ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
• indomethacin (Indocin)
• ketoprofen (Active-Ketoprofen [Orudis - discontinued brand])
• ketorolac (Toradol - discontinued brand)
• nabumetone (Relafen - discontinued brand)
• naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)
• oxaprozin (Daypro)
• piroxicam (Feldene)
• salsalate (Disalsate [Amigesic - discontinued brand])
• sulindac (Clinoril - discontinued brand)
• tolmetin (Tolectin - discontinued brand)

Other Causes of Alopecia

It is important to realize that medication use is not the only possible cause of hair loss and some individuals may experience symptoms for a different reason. Other possible causes include:

• Recent illness
• Recent surgery
• Poor diet
• Patterned androgenetic hair loss